Let's Learn Arabic

Let's Learn Arabic

What is this Tutorial About?

Particles in the Arabic language do not have gender. Verbs do, but their gender is based on that of their subjects, and their subjects are, of course, nouns. So, in reality, nouns are the only part of speech that have any gender in Arabic.

The grammatical gender of nouns is one of two: a noun may be masculine or it may be feminine, and there is no neutral option. Moreover, masculinity is the default grammatical gender and a word does not have to have anything special in order to reflect this. Femininity, on the other hand, is not default and a noun would have to have something special to reflect this gender. Therefore, this tutorial discusses grammatical femininity in Arabic nouns.
Inflecting for Femininity

I didn't ask you to stay away from me but I listened to you
as you walk letting my hands go and I didn't stop you
why didn't I call you eagerly come on
try to ask yourself this question

my interest has become less because of your coldness
O you who didn't make me feel that you're there
I just wanna tell something that I have been through
you're the fastest man to change I've ever known

Just like your love arrived at moon
It came down like rain because of your selfishness
I tire myself out , I suffer happily
but I won't let my life get wasted over something trivial

my interest has become less because of your coldness
O you who didn't give me a sense of your presence
I Just wanna tell you something that I have been through
you're the fastest person to change I've ever known


ماطلبت البعد عني وانا طعتك
وانت ماشي وتارك ايدي ومامنعتك
ليه ماناديتك بلهفه تعال
جرب اسأل نفسك انت هالسؤال

إهتمامي قل من سبه برودك
ياللي ماتعطيني إحساس بوجودك

One day, Joha was riding upon his donkey on the way to market. Joha’s son walked beside the donkey, holding the reins and talking with his father.
When the father and son passed a small group of people gathered by the side of the track, the people criticised Joha. They said to the old man, ‘How can you be so heartless, Joha? How can you ride upon the donkey while your son is forced to walk beside you?’
When Joha heard these words he climbed down and lifted his son up onto the donkey’s back in his place.
Joha and his son continued on their journey, Joha walking beside the donkey, holding the reins in his hands as they made their way towards the market.
A mile down the road, Joha passed a small group of women gathered around a well. When the women saw Joha they were very shocked. They asked of him, ‘How is it that an old man walks while his young son rides upon the donkey? Surely this is not right!’

My heart, my heart my heart
My heart's hooked on him I love him
I want 'em I want to be close to 'em
The heart wants what It wants

I loved him so much
In my eyes I wrapped him up
Inside my soul l him
The heart wants what It wants

The proof that I love him , look at me
He's on my mind all the time
Living in my heart , captivating my imagination
The heart wants what It wants

My life
My thoughts are for him
Cause I loved him for who he Is
My heart becomes at rest when I see him
The heart wants what It wants

I'm the only one who filled your whole universe
I adore him and live in his eyes
I can never imagine my world without him even for a minute
The heart wants what It wants


Submitted by MUSTAFA MAHMOOD on Mon, 26/09/2016 - 03:50
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How I’m breaking while you fall asleep
Little do you know
I’m still haunted by the memories
Little do you know
I’m trying to pick myself up piece by piece
Little do you know
I need a little more time

Underneath it all I’m held captive by the hole inside
I’ve been holding back for the fear that you might change your mind
I’m ready to forgive you but forgetting is a harder fight
Little do you know
I need a little more time

I'll wait, I'll wait
I love you like you've never felt the pain, I'll wait
I promise you don’t have to be afraid, I'll wait
The love is here and here to stay so lay your head on me

Little do you know
I know you’re hurt while I'm sound asleep
Little do you know
All my mistakes are slowly drowning me
Little do you know
I’m trying to make it better piece by piece
Little do you know
I'll love you till the sun dies

Oh wait, just wait
I love you like I've never felt the pain, just wait

إرضاء النّاس

—
Joha and his son went to a small village one day and he mad his son ride the donkey. A man met him on the road and said: “What is this? Look how the young son rides and leaves his old father to walk on his feet

ذهب جحا وابنه يومًا إلى إحدى القرى وجعل ابنه يركب الحمار، فقابله رجل في الطّريق، فقال: ما هذا؟ انظروا كيف يركب الولد الصّغير، ويترك والده الكبير يمشي على قدميه

The boy said: “Didn’t I tell you to ride father?” So Joha got on and his son got off. A group saw the two of them and said: “How does this old man with a strong body leave his weak son to walk while he rides

فقال الولد: ألم أقل لك يا أبي اركب أنت؟ فركب جحا ونزل ابنه، فرآهما جماعة، فقالوا: كيف لهذا الرّجل قويّ الجسم كبير السّن أن يترك ابنه الضّعيف يمشي ويركب هو؟

So Joha put his son behind him on the donkey, and when they walked a little, they met others who said: “Look at this man. How do he and his son ride on the weak donkey

Airplane
طائِرة / طَيّارة
Airport
مَطار
Arrival
وُصول
Customs
المَجارِك
Departure
مُغادَرة
Flight
طَيَران
Luggage
مَتاع
Passport
جَواز [السفر]
Seat (e.g. on an airplane)
مَقْعَد
Suitcase
حَقيبة [السفر]
Terminal
مَحَطّة الطَيَران
Ticket
تَذْكِرة
Visa
تَأْشيرة
Places

English
Arabic Singular
Elevator
مِصْعَد[ة]
Entrance
مَدْخَل
Exit
مَخْرَج
Hotel
فُنْدُق
Hotel Room
غُرْفة الفُنْدُق
Mosque
جامِع
Parking
مَوْقِف السَيّارات
Restaurant
مَطْعَم
Restroom
حَمّام
Reception
اسْتِقْبال
Shop
دُكّان
Stand (e.g. taxi stand)
مَوْقِف
Stop (e.g. bus stop)
مَحَطّة
Taxi
أُجْرة
Washing Machine
غَسّالة
Wudu Places
مَواضِئ
Other Expressions

English
Arabic Singular
Currency Exchanger
صَرّاف
Current Time
الساعة المَحَلِّيّة
Discount
تَخْفيض
How Much is This?
كَمْ هذا؟
Office
مَكْتَب
Snack
وَجْبة [خفيفة

Arabic
English
نصَر ينصُر
to help
كتَب يكتُب
to write
بلَغ يبلُغ
to reach
رسَب يرسُب
to fail (e.g. a test)
بسَط يبسُط
to spread; to be spread out

Arabic
English
ضرَب يضرِب
to hit
حمَل يحمِل
to carry
حفَر يحفِر
to dig
خزَم يخزِم
to thread together (e.g. pearls)
سدَل يسدِل
to (let something) hang downward

Arabic
English
سمِع يسمَع
to hear
علِم يعلَم
to know
شرِب يشرَب
to drink
نهِم ينهَم
to have an insatiable appetite
ثرِم يثرَم
to have gaps between the teeth

Arabic
English
فتَح يفتَح
to open; to decide
ذهَب يذهَب
to go; to have an opinion
نفَع ينفَع
to benefit
فرَع يفرَع
to surpass
شغَف يشغَف
to infatuate

Arabic
English
كرُم
to be noble
سهُل
to be easy
شرُف
to be eminent/well-bred
طلُق
to be cheerful
شكُس
to be malicious

Arabic
English
حسِب يحسِب
to consider/deem
وثِق يثِق
to put one’s confidence in
ورِم يرِم
to be swollen
وعِق يعِق
to be curmudgeonly
وكِم يكِم
to be offensive

نداء
vocation; summoning
منادى
the object of a vocation

Vocation is the act of summoning an entity, as in “Hey, Zaid” or “O God.” The object of vocation, the thing being summoned, is always definite because, in order to summon an entity, that entity must be well defined. In the examples, ‘Zaid’ and ‘God’ are definite. Notice that the object of vocation may already be definite; however, if it is not, it will become definite. There are instances, granted, where one may call out at random as in “يا رجلا، خذ يبدي” (O someone, help! Grab my hand.) In such cases, the object of vocation will not be definite.

How to Use Vocation in Arabic

The particles used to summon are divided based on whether the entity being summoned is distant or near. And they are as follows.

أَ
Near
يا، أيْ، آ، هيا
Distant

At the topmost level, verbal paradigms are divided into two groups

· those that work with 3-base-lettered verbs
· those that work with 4-base-lettered verbs

Each of these is then further divided into two categories

· those in which the base letters are the only letters
· those with extra letters apart from the base, used to enhance the verbs’ meanings

The paradigms that work on 3-lettered verbs that have extra letters are further divided as follows.

· the general: those whose extra letters do not cause them to resemble 4-lettered paradigms
· the resembling: those whose extra letters cause them to resemble 4-lettered paradigms

The hierarchy looks something like this:

رباعي
works with 4-lettered verbs
ثلاثي
works with 3-lettered verbs
مزيد فيه
extra letters added
مجرد
only base letters
مزيد فيه
extra letters added
مجرد
only base letters


ملحق
resemb.
مطلق
general

يناير yanayar January
فبراير fabrayar February
مارس mars March
ابريل abril April
مايو mayu May
يونيو yunyu June
يوليو yulyu July
أغسطس aghostos August
سبتمبر september September
أكتوبر october October
نوفمبر november November
ديسمبر december December

Consider the following grouping of numbers and try to become accustomed to this categorization. Notice that there is a lot of division based on putting 1 & 2 into one category, and 3 to 9 in another.

Group
Numbers
A
1, 2
B
3..10
C
11, 12
D
13..19
E
20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90
F
21, 22, 31, 32, 41, 42, 51, 52, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81, 82, 91, 92
G
23..29, 33..39, 43..49, 53..59, 63..69, 73..79, 83..89, 93..99
H
100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900
I
1000 onwards

For each of these groups, we want to consider the following:
· How do you construct the number – ordinal and cardinal?
· What is the grammatical gender of the number?
· What is the grammatical case of the number?
· What is the grammatical case of the counted word (by counted word we mean, for example, ‘men’ in the phrase ’22 men’)?
· Is the counted word going to be singular or plural?
Constructing the Numbers

As mentioned in the introduction to the grammar section, words in Arabic are divided into three categories. The following is a more detailed treatment of this.

· اسم pl. أسماء (noun): This category is defined as those words that impart a single meaning on their own and do not afford a tense. Roughly speaking, this is equivalent to what we know in English as nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs.
· فعل pl. أفعال (verb): This category is defined as those words that impart a single meaning on their own and afford a tense. This is exactly what we in English know as verbs.
· حرف pl. حروف (particle): This category is defined as those words that do not impart a meaning on their own . Roughly speaking, this is equivalent to what we know in English as prepositions, conjunctions, articles, and other particles.

In Arabic, we indicate that there is only one of something by using the singular form of the noun. Similarly, we indicate that there is two of something by using the dual form. The chart below gives a simple example.

(Male) Student
One Student
Two Students
ط، ل، ب on the pattern فاعِل
طالِب
طالبانِ

Now plurality is where the discussion become more interesting. There are two major forms of plural nouns: the sound and the broken. The sound can be further divided into the sound masculine plural and the sound feminine plural. Below is a summary of the Arabic terms that describe these categories.

Definitions

جمع التكسير
The broken plural; a word that is pluralized by changing the noun’s structure
جمع المذكَّر السالم
The sound masculine plural
جمع المؤنَّث السالم
The sound feminine plural

In English, we have the word “he”, “him”, and “his”. All three of these are in fact the same word, but that word changes depending on how it’s used in a sentence. For example, you will say “I hit him”, but you will never say “I hit he” nor “I hit his”.

If “he” is becoming subject, you will say “He ate.” If it is becoming object, you will say “I hit him.” And if it is becoming possessive, you will say “His son.” The word being used is the same, but its form changes based on how you use it in a sentence, and this is called grammatical inflection.

The word HE in different grammatical cases

He ate

I hit him

His son

Can you think of some other English words that inflect like this or similar to this?